Genetic parameters and single versus multi-trait evaluation of udder health traits

Abstract

Genetic parameters were estimated for lactation average somatic cell score (SCS) and clinical mastitis (CM) for the first three lactations of multiparous Finnish Ayrshire cows. A multi-trait linear sire model was used for estimation of covariance components, and the efficiencies of single- versus multi-trait multi-lactation (MT) sire evaluations were compared. Heritability of SCS and CM in the first three lactations ranged from 0.11 to 0.13 and 0.02 to 0.03, respectively. Within lactation, genetic correlations between SCS and CM ranged from 0.68 to 0.72. Within both traits, across-lactation genetic correlations were lowest between 1 and 3, and highest between 2 and 3, with estimates ranging from 0.75 to 0.86 and from 0.81 to 0.98 for CM and SCS, respectively. Residual and phenotypic correlations were low and ranged from 0.09 to 0.13 and from 0.10 to 0.13, respectively. The absolute difference between genetic and residual correlations was from 0.5 to 0.6. Within-lactation genetic correlations between traits that are much less than unity suggest a multi-trait model for genetic evaluation of mastitis resistance. Comparison of model prediction performance between single-trait (ST) and MT models using a data splitting method showed that the MT model was more stable in predicting breeding values in future records of animals. Especially, for young sires and CM, the SD of EBVs from the MT model was 14 to 23% higher than the ST model, indicating more effective use of information in terms of revealing more genetic variation.     

Genetic associations between somatic cell score and pathogen‐specific subclinical mastitis in Norwegian Red cows

The aim of this study was to estimate heritabilities of and genetic correlations between pathogen‐specific subclinical mastitis (SCM) traits and lactation mean somatic cell score (LSCS) in Norwegian Red cattle. Based on data from 130 733 first‐lactation cows four binary pathogen‐specific SCM traits, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis and coagulase‐negative staphylococci SCM, were analysed together with unspecific SCM and LSCS using a multivariate sire model with threshold models for binary traits and a linear model for LSCS. Posterior means (SD) of heritabilities were 0.17 (0.01) for LSCS, 0.11 (0.01) for liability to unspecific SCM and ranged from 0.04 (Staph. aureus) to 0.14 (Strep. dysgalactiae) for liability to pathogen‐specific SCM. Genetic correlations were positive and moderate to high, ranging from 0.37 to 0.98. All genetic correlations except the one between LSCS and unspecific SCM were lower than 1, indicating that SCM caused by different pathogens can be considered as partly different traits.     

匹配点云结合HSI色彩分量的无人机RGB影像信息提取方法

无人机通常搭载可见光波段传感器获取红-绿-蓝（Red-Green-Blue,RGB）影像,由于无人机RGB影像波段较少,影像的地物信息提取存在一定难度。该研究提出了一种匹配点云结合色调-饱和度-亮度（Hue-Saturation-Intensity,HSI）空间色彩分量的无人机RGB影像信息提取方法。首先以饱和度分量和红光波段构造了饱和度与红光比值指数,再结合可见光波段差异植被指数以及由匹配点云获得的地形特征对研究区正射影像进行分类。试验结果表明,本文方法的总体分类精度达到了91.11%,Kappa系数为0.895,证明匹配点云结合HSI空间色彩分量的方法提取无人机RGB影像信息是可行的,提取结果具有较高精度。相较于基于光谱特征的传统方法,本文方法引入匹配点云可以简单高效地提取影像中高程差异明显的地物,同时,结合HSI色彩分量能够有效弥补无人机RGB影像光谱特征较少的不足。     

3-R-RS并联机构轻量化设计

以3-R-RS并联机构为对象,研究基于静刚度约束的轻量化设计方法。首先以机构低阶固有频率最高为依据,确定各子装配体间的刚度匹配系数,进而基于刚度匹配系数将整机静刚度约束分配至各子装配体,在此基础上,考虑工艺制造及几何干涉等约束,以各子装配体质量最小为目标,完成各子装配体的轻量化设计,进而实现整机的轻量化设计。在满足静刚度约束条件下,所提出的轻量化设计方法可使整机质量最轻,且具有优良的动态特性。     

Grapes＿meso数值模式预报对石河子定量降水检验研究

为了了解Grapes_meso数值模式预报对石河子垦区的预报能力,提高预报降水的准确率,利用TS评分对2017年11月至2018年9月的Grapes_meso数值模式降水资料进行了24h的时效检验分析。结果表明:晴雨检验的结果与石河子垦区降水气候概率基本一致,即表现为降水少的地方晴雨准确率较高,降水多的地方晴雨准确率低的空间分布特征。一般性降水检验存在较强的季节性,表现为春秋季降水准确率高于夏冬季。分级检验中小雨的准确率明显高于其他量级。此外,Grapes_meso数值模式对暴量雨雪的预报能力较差。     

安神香囊改善肠易激综合征患者睡眠质量的临床观察

目的 观察安神香囊对肠易激综合征（irritable bowel syndrome,IBS）患者睡眠质量的影响。方法 将符合标准的160例患者按照1∶1的比例随机分为对照组和观察组,各80例,两组患者均予中医辨证治疗,观察组在此基础上加用安神香囊,疗程均为4周;观察两组患者主要症状（腹痛腹胀、大便频率、大便性状）积分、中医证侯积分、匹兹堡睡眠质量量表（Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI）评分及不良反应。结果 观察组脱落2例,对照组脱落5例;观察组腹痛腹胀、大便频率、大便性状的改善率分别为85.9%、89.7%、83.3%,对照组为72.0%、82.7%、78.7%,两组腹痛腹胀的改善率比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组中医治疗总有效率为91.0%,对照组为77.3%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组患者PSQI评分均降低（P<0.05）,且观察组低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 安神香囊能有效降低IBS患者PSQI评分,改善患者睡眠质量,对缓解IBS的主要症状也有辅助作用,并且能提高中医治疗IBS的疗效,未见明显不良反应。     

脾虚湿蕴型荨麻疹行自血疗法与梅花针联合治疗的效果观察

目的 观察脾虚湿蕴型荨麻疹行自血疗法与梅花针联合治疗的效果。方法 随机选取本院2016年1月至2017年10月收治的脾虚湿蕴型荨麻疹患者200例,随机数字表法分为3组,66例予以自血疗法治疗者为A组,66例予以梅花针治疗者为B组,68例予以梅花针联合自血疗法治疗者为C组,对比分析3组治疗前后荨麻疹活动评分、免疫功能与复发情况。结果 治疗后,C组荨麻疹活动度评分较A组、B组低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后,C组辅助性T细胞（CD4⁺）、细胞毒性T细胞（CD8⁺）及CD4⁺/CD8⁺值优于A组、B组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;C组复发率较A组、B组低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 脾虚湿蕴型荨麻疹行自血疗法与梅花针联合治疗可有效降低荨麻疹活动度评分,改善免疫功能,并且减少复发率,值得推广。     

加速康复外科护理对老年股骨颈骨折患者术后恢复及认知功能的影响

目的 观察加速康复外科护理对老年股骨颈骨折患者术后恢复及认知功能的影响。方法 选取本院接受股骨颈骨折手术的老年患者60例,随机分为加速康复外科（enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS）组和对照组,每组30例。ERAS组采用加速康复外科护理措施,对照组采用传统围手术期护理措施,比较两组住院时间、术后疼痛评分、术后并发症发生情况以及术前1天和术后第7天的简明精神状态量表评分。结果 与对照组比较,ERAS组术后住院时间缩短,术后疼痛评分降低,切口感染、肺部感染、恶心呕吐等并发症发生率降低,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）;ERAS组术后髋关节功能Harris得分评级优于对照组（P=0.021）;ERAS组POCD发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P=0.046）。结论 加速康复外科护理可安全应用于老年患者股骨颈骨折术围手术期管理,可以促进术后恢复、缩短住院天数、减少并发症的发生,降低POCD发生率,值得临床推广。